Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is the result of imbalances in the brain’s chemical messengers, also known as neurotransmitters. Unfortunately, what causes these imbalances to occur is still unknown. The result of these imbalances, though, can create symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

ADHD is commonly thought of as individuals not being able to focus whatsoever. This is a common misconception. ADHD causes dysregulated attention, which means that in some settings, the individual may have trouble focusing. In other settings, the individual has the capacity to become hyper focused. It just depends on the environment. Often, environments and activities that are highly stimulating will allow an individual with ADHD to concentrate well, while less stimulating and dull settings will create difficulty in ability to focus.

A diagnosis of ADHD will present itself in three different ways: predominantly inattentive presentation, predominately hyperactive-impulsive presentation, and a combined presentation. As symptoms of ADHD can change over time, the presentation of ADHD can also change over time. Diagnosis of ADHD is usually a multi-step process, as there has yet to be a single test developed to confirm ADHD within an individual. ADHD symptoms can often crossover with symptoms from other diagnoses or medical issues, so alternative diagnoses and medical issues must be ruled out. Often, medical examinations that include hearing and vision tests will be given. Using a checklist to rate symptoms associated with ADHD and meeting the criterion listed in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual is likely what will confirm the diagnosis.

The diagnosis for ADHD varies slightly between diagnosing kids and diagnosing adults. However, to diagnose ADHD at any age requires the following: several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were present before age 12, several symptoms are present in 2 or more settings, there is clear evidence that symptoms interfere with quality of life and/or functioning, and the symptoms are not better explained by another disorder.

If you would like to speak to a professional counselor or psychologist about this and are in the Chicago area, please feel free to contact Olive Branch Counseling Associates, Inc. at 708-633-8000. We are located at 6819 West 167^th Street in Tinley Park, Illinois 60477.

Hillary R.,

Masters Level Intern, 2024

Sources –

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, September 27). What is ADHD?. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/facts.html#:~:text=ADHD%20is%20one%20of%20the,)%2C%20or%20be%20overly%20active.